Integrated circuit having memory array including ECC and column redundancy and method of operating the same

ABSTRACT

An integrated circuit device (for example, a logic device or a memory device (such as, a discrete memory device)), including a memory cell array having a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows and columns, multiplexer circuitry, coupled to the memory cell array, wherein the multiplexer circuitry includes a plurality of data multiplexers, each data multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive write data which is representative of data to be written into the memory cells of the memory cell array in response to a write operation, and (ii) a second input to receive read data which is representative of data read from memory cells of the memory cell array, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs, and syndrome generation circuitry, coupled to the multiplexer circuitry, to generate: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/816,416, entitled “Integrated Circuit Having Memory Array Including ECC and/or Column Redundancy, and Method of Programming, Controlling and/or Operating Same”, filed Jun. 26, 2006; the contents of this provisional application are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

In one aspect, the present inventions described and illustrated herein relate to an integrated circuit device having a memory cell array including error checking and correcting (ECC) circuitry and/or column redundancy, and techniques for programming, configuring, controlling and/or operating such device. More particularly, in one aspect, the present inventions relate to an integrated circuit having random access memory (“RAM”) array having a plurality of memory cells (for example, memory cells having an electrically floating body in which an electrical charge is stored) arranged in a matrix of rows and columns wherein the integrated circuit includes an ECC architecture and/or a column redundancy architecture including at least one redundant column to substitute or replace a column of memory cells having at least one defective memory cell.

Briefly, with reference to FIG. 1A, memory cell array 10 typically includes a plurality of memory cells 12 arranged in a matrix of rows 14 (each typically having a common word line 16) and columns 18. A row address decoder 20 enables one or more rows to be read by sensing circuitry 22 (for example, a plurality of sense amplifiers). A column decoder 24, in response to an address, selects one or more of the outputs of the sensing circuitry 22.

One technique to improve the reliability of the data stored and/or output by dense memories is to employ ECC techniques. ECC techniques (for example, techniques to correct or reduce the impact of alpha particle induced soft error rate and/or errors caused by random defects in memory structures due to, for example, various complex fabrication processes) generally require the implementation of exclusive OR gates (“XOR”) to calculate the parity of the ECC word. A longer ECC word requires the calculation of parity of more bits and hence requires “wider” XOR gates. Conventional schemes for parity calculation using wide XOR gates must address the challenges associated with wiring the various bits (sometimes from across the width of memory array 10) to the inputs of XOR gates. Notably, conventional techniques tend to employ a XOR tree in the read path (Read XOR Tree) and write path (Write XOR Tree). (See, FIG. 1B).

In addition, conventional implementations of the Single Error Correction (SEC) scheme using Hamming code often have a critical path for speed that begins from the bits read from the memory array (data and check bits), through the wide XOR gates to calculate the “syndrome” vector, which is then decoded to identify the position of the erroneous bit in the “ECC word”. This information is used to correct the error during the read operation. During the memory write operation, wide XOR gates are used to calculate the parity and produce the “check bits” for the ECC word, which are then written into the array along with the data.

In order to improve, enhance and/or maintain a predetermined manufacturing yield of a memory cell array and/or device, one or more redundant columns 18 r are often incorporated into memory array 10 to logically “replace” one or more columns 18 having one or more defective memory cells 12 and/or sense circuitry 22.

In one conventional technique, column redundancy is implemented by including a redundant column address decoder 24 r which is programmed or mapped to logically replace a defective column (i.e., a column of memory cells having one or more defective memory cells and/or defective sense circuitry 22) with spare, replacement, redundant or another column 18 r of memory cells 12 r in memory array 10 (i.e., redundant column 18 r of memory cells 12 r). The individual address comparators (not illustrated) of redundant column decoder 20 r are programmed to “enable” spare or redundant data sense circuitry 22 r when the “applied” address matches the address of the defective column (which is fixed/stored in redundant column address decoder 24 r). In this regard, the address of the defective column 18 is programmed into address comparators of redundant column decoder 24 r during wafer testing. In this way, the redundant column address comparators enable a spare or redundant data sense circuitry 22 r to be active when a set of column address signals match the address of a defective column 18 which is programmed into redundant column address decoder 24 r.

One conventional redundancy technique employs a set of fuses to program or configure redundant column decoder 24 r. In this regard, spare or redundant columns are programmed by selectively “blowing” fuses (not illustrated) within redundant column decoder 24 r to “match” or correspond to the address of the columns having defective memory cells. Such fuses are often programmed prior to packaging, during the wafer testing stage, or immediately after packaging, during the device testing stage. In this way, spare or redundant data sense circuitry 22 r (and data output path corresponding thereto) is enabled when the address matches the address programmed into redundant column decoder 24 r.

A multiplexer may be employed in the data output path that responsively selects between the data from normal column and a spare column. Under normal operation, the multiplexers select the data from normal column. The multiplexer associated with the defective column may be enabled to select the data from the spare column which thereby incorporates the data from the spare or redundant column into the output path. A multiplexer may also be implemented on the write input path, where the data slated to be written into the defective column is “steered” to the spare or redundant column.

Notably, disabling circuitry may be implemented in memory array 10 to disable the data sense circuitry corresponding to the defective column when the address matches the address programmed into redundant column decoder 24 r. As such, in response to a “match” between the applied column address and the address programmed in redundant column decoder 24 r, normal data sense circuitry 22 (and data output path corresponding thereto) associated with the defective column is disabled and redundant data sense circuitry 22 r (and data output path corresponding thereto) is enabled.

SUMMARY OF INVENTIONS

There are many inventions described and illustrated herein. The present inventions are neither limited to any single aspect nor embodiment thereof, nor to any combinations and/or permutations of such aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each of the aspects of the present inventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects of the present inventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the sake of brevity, many of those permutations and combinations will not be discussed separately herein.

In a first principle aspect, the present inventions are directed to an integrated circuit device (for example, logic device or discrete memory device) comprising a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows and columns, multiplexer circuitry, coupled to the memory cell array, and syndrome generation circuitry. The multiplexer circuitry includes a plurality of data multiplexers, each data multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive write data which is representative of data to be written into the memory cells of the memory cell array in response to a write operation, and (ii) a second input to receive read data which is representative of data read from memory cells of the memory cell array, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs. The syndrome generation circuitry is coupled to the multiplexer circuitry and generates: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data.

In one embodiment, the syndrome generation circuitry includes a plurality of XOR logic gates. The plurality of XOR logic gates may be arranged in a logic tree architecture. In one embodiment, the logic tree architecture includes first, second and third levels of XOR logic, wherein the first level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the plurality of data multiplexers, the second level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the first level of XOR logic, and the third level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the second level of XOR logic. In another embodiment, the logic tree architecture includes a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein an Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.

The multiplexer circuitry of this aspect of the inventions may further include a plurality of check bit multiplexers, each check bit multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive check bit data, and (ii) a second input to receive a predetermined data, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs. The syndrome generation circuitry may generate: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and the predetermined value, and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data and the check bit data. As noted above, in one embodiment, the syndrome generation circuitry includes a plurality of XOR logic gates. The plurality of XOR logic gates may be arranged in a logic tree architecture. In one embodiment, the logic tree architecture includes first, second and third levels of XOR logic, wherein the first level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the plurality of data multiplexers, the second level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the first level of XOR logic, and the third level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the second level of XOR logic. In another embodiment, the logic tree architecture includes a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein an Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.

The write data syndrome vector may be stored in memory as check bit data.

The integrated circuit device of this aspect of the inventions may further include address converter circuitry, coupled to the syndrome generation circuitry, to generate defective column address data, which is representative of a physical bit location of a defective column, using the read data syndrome vector. A memory, coupled to the address converter circuitry, may store the defective column address data. The memory may temporarily or permanently store the defective column address data.

In another principal aspect, the present inventions are an integrated circuit device (for example, logic device or discrete memory device) comprising a memory cell array, multiplexer circuitry, syndrome generation circuitry, address converter circuitry, and a plurality of redundancy program circuits. The memory cell array includes a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows and columns including (i) a plurality of normal columns which is selectable via normal column address data and (ii) a redundant column which is selectable via a redundant column address data. The multiplexer circuitry of this aspect of the inventions is coupled to the memory cell array and includes a plurality of data multiplexers, each data multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive write data which is representative of data to be written into the memory cells of the memory cell array in response to a write operation, and (ii) a second input to receive read data which is representative of data read from memory cells of the memory cell array, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs. The syndrome generation circuitry, coupled to the multiplexer circuitry, to generate: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data. The address converter circuitry, coupled to the syndrome generation circuitry, to generate defective column address data, which is representative of a physical bit location of a defective column, using the read data syndrome vector. In addition, the plurality of redundancy program circuits are coupled to the memory array to receive the read data and spare column data, which is representative of data read from memory cells associated with the redundant column of the memory cell array, wherein each redundancy program circuit outputs (i) read data which is associated with one of a normal column or (ii) the spare column data, and wherein when one of a normal column address data corresponds to the defective column address data, the redundancy program circuit associated therewith outputs the defective column address data.

In one embodiment, each redundancy program circuit includes (1) a multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive read data which is associated with one of a normal column, and (ii) a second input to receive the spare column data, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs, and (2) a memory, coupled to an associated multiplexer, to store spare column control data which controls the associated multiplexer. The memory of each redundancy program circuit is coupled to the address converter circuitry and, in response to a program signal, the memory of the redundancy program circuit which is associated with the normal column that corresponds to the defective column address data stores the spare column control data. In one embodiment, the memory stores the spare column control data in response to a program signal.

The integrated circuit device of may further include a plurality of logic gates having a first input to receive an output of an associated redundancy program circuit and a second input to receive correction data wherein when the read data includes one or more errors therein, the one or more logic gates which receives read data having an error corrects the read data using the correction data. In one embodiment, each logic gate of the plurality of logic gates includes an XOR logic gate.

In one embodiment, the syndrome generation circuitry includes a plurality of XOR logic gates. The plurality of XOR logic gates may be arranged in a logic tree architecture. The logic tree architecture may include a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein an Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.

In one embodiment, the multiplexer circuitry further includes a plurality of check bit multiplexers, each check bit multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive check bit data, and (ii) a second input to receive a predetermined data, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs. The syndrome generation circuitry, in this embodiment, generates: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and the predetermined value, and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data and the check bit data.

The syndrome generation circuitry may include a plurality of XOR logic gates which is arranged in a logic tree architecture including a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein a Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.

The write data syndrome vector may be stored in memory as check bit data.

The integrated circuit device may further include a defective column address memory, coupled to the address converter circuitry, to store the defective column address data. The memory may temporarily or permanently store the defective column address data.

In yet another principal aspect, the integrated circuit device (for example, logic device or discrete memory device) comprises a memory cell array having a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows and columns including (i) a plurality of normal columns which is selectable via normal column address data and (ii) a redundant column which is selectable via a redundant column address data. The integrated circuit device of this aspect further includes multiplexer circuitry, syndrome generation means, address converter means and redundancy program means. The multiplexer circuitry is coupled to the memory cell array and includes a plurality of data multiplexers, each data multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive write data which is representative of data to be written into the memory cells of the memory cell array in response to a write operation, and (ii) a second input to receive read data which is representative of data read from memory cells of the memory cell array, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs. The syndrome generation means generates: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data. The address converter means generates defective column address data, which is representative of a physical bit location of a defective column, using the read data syndrome vector. The redundancy program means outputs (i) read data which is associated with one of a normal column or (ii) the spare column data which is representative of data read from memory cells associated with the redundant column of the memory cell array.

The redundancy program means may include (1) multiplexer means for responsively outputting data from one of the (i) read data which is associated with one of a normal column and (ii) the spare column data, and (2) memory means for storing spare column control data which controls the multiplexer means. The memory means responsively stores information which is representative of the defective column address data.

The write data syndrome vector may be stored in memory means as check bit data. The write data syndrome vector may be stored in memory cells in the memory cell array.

Again, there are many inventions, and aspects of the inventions, described and illustrated herein. This Summary of the Inventions is not exhaustive of the scope of the present inventions. Indeed, this Summary of the Invention may not be reflective of or correlate to the inventions protected in this or divisional applications.

Moreover, this Summary of the Inventions is not intended to be limiting of the inventions or the claims (whether the currently presented claims or claims of a divisional/continuation application) and should not be interpreted in that manner. While certain embodiments have been described and/or outlined in this Summary of the Inventions, it should be understood that the present inventions are not limited to such embodiments, description and/or outline, nor are the claims limited in such a manner (which should also not be interpreted as being limited by the Summary of the Inventions).

Indeed, many other aspects, inventions and embodiments, which may be different from and/or similar to, the aspects, inventions and embodiments presented in this Summary, will be apparent from the description, illustrations and claims, which follow. In addition, although various features, attributes and advantages have been described in this Summary of the Inventions and/or are apparent in light thereof, it should be understood that such features, attributes and advantages are not required whether in one, some or all of the embodiments of the present inventions and, indeed, need not be present in any of the embodiments of the present inventions.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the course of the detailed description to follow, reference will be made to the attached drawings. These drawings show different aspects of the present inventions and, where appropriate, reference numerals illustrating like structures, components, materials and/or elements in different figures are labeled similarly. It is understood that various combinations of the structures, components, materials and/or elements, other than those specifically shown, are contemplated and are within the scope of the present inventions.

Moreover, there are many inventions described and illustrated herein. The present inventions are neither limited to any single aspect nor embodiment thereof, nor to any combinations and/or permutations of such aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each of the aspects of the present inventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects of the present inventions and/or embodiments thereof. For the sake of brevity, many of those permutations and combinations will not be discussed separately herein.

FIG. 1A is a schematic block diagram illustration of a conventional memory cell array having a plurality of memory cells arranged in an array of a plurality of rows and columns, in conjunction with row and column address decoders, word line drivers and data sense circuitry;

FIG. 1B is a schematic block diagram illustration of a conventional memory cell array in conjunction with a conventional ECC architecture including (i) a Read XOR tree in the read/output data path and (ii) a Write XOR tree in the input/write data path;

FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram illustration of an exemplary ECC architecture including syndrome generation circuitry and multiplexer circuitry according to an aspect of the present inventions;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustration of exemplary syndrome generation circuitry, according to an aspect of the present inventions;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic block diagram illustrations of, among other things, circuitry to program a column redundancy architecture using ECC architectures;

FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram illustration of exemplary syndrome generation circuitry of FIGS. 4A and/or 4B, according to an aspect of the present inventions, wherein column redundancy data is provided to the last stage of the syndrome generation circuitry, according to an aspect of the present inventions;

FIGS. 6A-6D are schematic block diagram illustrations of, among other things, circuitry to program a column redundancy architecture, using the ECC architecture, controller circuitry and/or external circuitry, in conjunction with column redundancy circuitry, according to an aspect of the present inventions;

FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram illustration of an exemplary implementation of a column redundancy architecture to control the writing of data into the normal section of the memory array and the spare section of the memory array, according to an aspect of the present inventions;

FIGS. 8A-8C are schematic block diagram illustrations of exemplary devices in which the column redundancy and/or ECC architecture may be implemented wherein FIGS. 8A and 8C are logic devices (having logic circuitry and resident memory) and FIG. 8B is a memory device (having primarily of a memory array), according to certain aspects of the present inventions; and

FIGS. 9, 10A-10C, and 11A-11C are exemplary schematic block diagram illustrations of, among other things, circuitry to program a column redundancy architecture using ECC architectures wherein the syndrome generation circuitry is not shared between the input and output paths (FIGS. 9, 10B and 10C), wherein the syndrome generation circuitry is shared between the input and output paths and a physical defective column address is provided to the redundancy program circuits (FIG. 10A), and wherein address converter circuitry employs syndrome data to program column redundancy architecture which also programs the input data path of the redundant columns in the memory cell array (FIGS. 9, 10C and 11A-11C).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

There are many inventions described and illustrated herein. In one aspect, the present inventions are directed to column redundancy and/or ECC architectures and techniques for a memory cell array having a plurality of memory cells, arranged in a matrix of rows and columns. In another aspect, the present inventions are directed to methods of programming, configuring, controlling and/or operating such column redundancy and/or ECC circuitry. The memory cell array, column redundancy circuitry, and/or ECC circuitry may comprise a portion of an integrated circuit device, for example, a logic device (such as, a microcontroller, microprocessor or the like) or a portion of a memory device (such as, a discrete memory device).

In certain embodiments of the inventions, the ECC architecture may make more efficient use of the ECC circuitry in that the read data path and the write data path may employ the same ECC circuitry. In this way, the present inventions may, among other things, provide a significant area and power reduction (relative to conventional architectures/techniques).

In addition, the column redundancy architectures implemented according to one or more aspects of the present inventions may make more efficient use of the pre-existing addressing circuitry (for example, the column pre-decoders and decoders). In this way, the present inventions may provide an even greater reduction of area and power (when used in combination) because, among other things, the redundant column address decoder may be eliminated. Such circuitry is often quite large, and often consuming as much area as the normal column decoders.

In yet another aspect, the present inventions are directed to combinations and permutations of the (i) ECC architectures and techniques and (ii) column redundancy architectures and techniques. Indeed, all such combinations and permutations are intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

Notably, the present inventions may be implemented in conjunction with any memory cell technology, whether now known or later developed. For example, the memory cells may include one or more transistors having electrically floating body regions, one transistor-one capacitor architectures, electrically floating gate transistors, junction field effect transistors (often referred to as JFETs), or any other memory/transistor technology whether now known or later developed. All such memory technologies are intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

Moreover, the present inventions may be implemented in conjunction with any type of memory (including discrete or integrated with logic devices), whether now known or later developed. For example, the memory may be a DRAM, SRAM and/or Flash. All such memories are intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

In one embodiment, the memory cells of the memory cell array may include at least one transistor having an electrically floating body transistor which stores an electrical charge in the electrically floating body region thereof. The amount of charge stored in the in the electrically floating body region correlates to the data state of the memory cell. One type of such memory cell is based on, among other things, a floating body effect of semiconductor on insulator (SOI) transistors. (See, for example, (1) Fazan et al., U.S. Pat. No. 6,969,662, (2) Okhonin et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0131650 (“Bipolar Reading Technique for a Memory Cell Having an Electrically Floating Body Transistor”), (3) Okhonin et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0058427 (“Memory Cell and Memory Cell Array Having an Electrically Floating Body Transistor, and Methods of Operating Same”), (4) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/633,311, Okhonin, filed Dec. 4, 2006 and entitled “Electrically Floating Body Memory Cell and Array, and Method of Operating or Controlling Same”, and (5) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/703,429, Okhonin et al., filed on Feb. 7, 2007 and entitled “Multi-Bit Memory Cell Having Electrically Floating Body Transistor, and Method of Programming and Reading Same”, all of which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety). In this regard, the memory cell may consist of a partially depleted (PD) or a fully depleted (FD) SOI transistor or bulk transistor (transistor which formed in or on a bulk material/substrate) having a gate, which is disposed adjacent to the electrically floating body and separated therefrom by a gate dielectric. The body region of the transistor is electrically floating in view of the insulation or non-conductive region, for example, in bulk-type material/substrate, disposed beneath the body region. The state of memory cell may be determined by the concentration or amount of charge contained or stored in the body region of the SOI or bulk transistor.

With reference to FIG. 2, the ECC architecture according to one embodiment of the present inventions includes multiplexer circuitry 50 and syndrome generation circuitry 52. The multiplexer circuitry 50 includes a plurality of multiplexers 50 a-n which receive, at one input, D_(in)<n> (for example, input data received during, for example, a write operation), and at another input, D_(out)<n> (for example, output data obtained during, for example, a read operation). In addition, depending on the type of operation, multiplexers 50 w-x may receive certain check bit related data. The plurality of multiplexers 50 a-n and 50 w-x may be responsive to a control signal “Data Select”.

The outputs 54 a-n and 54 w-x of multiplexers 50 a-n and 50 w-x, respectively, are provided to syndrome generation circuitry 52 which generates a syndrome vector. In one embodiment, with reference to FIG. 3, syndrome generation circuitry 52 includes a plurality of XOR logic gates. In this embodiment, the plurality of XOR logic gates are arranged in XOR logic levels, including a first level L1, second level L2 and third level L3. Notably, any circuitry, architecture and technique for generating syndrome vector data, whether now known or later developed, is intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

With continued reference to FIG. 2, with respect to the check bit related data, during a read operation, multiplexers 50 w-x receive check bit data from the memory cell array and provide the check bit data (via outputs 54 w-x), for the given output data, to syndrome generation circuitry 52. In contrast, during a write operation, the inputs associated with the “check bits” may be set to a predetermined value (for example, logic “zero”) to facilitate generation of new check bits. (See, multiplexers 50 w-x of FIG. 2). As such, in this aspect of the inventions, syndrome generation circuitry 52 is shared during read and write operations.

In aspect of the inventions, the ECC architecture is implemented in conjunction with column redundancy circuitry. With reference to FIGS. 4A, 4B and 5, in one embodiment, system 100 includes the ECC architecture of FIGS. 2 and/or 3 in conjunction with column redundancy circuitry. In this embodiment, the output data from spare column(s) 18 r is/are provided to syndrome generation circuitry 52. In one embodiment, with reference to FIG. 5, the output of the spare column 18 r (here illustrated as one spare column and one output) is provided to the last level or stage of the XOR logic of syndrome generation circuitry 52. In this way, the latency of the ECC operation may be eliminated, reduced and/or minimized because the output data from spare column 18 r is often “slower” than the bits from the “normal” columns 18. As such, syndrome generation circuitry 52 may generate a syndrome vector more rapidly, which may be critical to the “speed path” of system 100.

Notably, when spare column 18 r is not in use, the output of spare column 18 r is set to a logic state which minimizes or eliminates any impact on the ECC architecture/operation by the output data of spare column 18 r (here, logic “zero”). Similarly, when spare column 18 r is in use (for example, spare column 18 r is substituting for or replacing a defective column (for example, 18 d “d” for “defective”) in array 10), the output of column 18 d is set to a logic state which eliminates or minimizes the impact on the ECC architecture/operation by the defective column (here again, logic “zero”). In this way, syndrome generation circuitry 52 generates correct syndrome data (SD<0:x>).

With reference to FIG. 4A, in one embodiment, the column redundancy architecture may be programmed using, among other things, address converter circuitry 102. In this regard, in one exemplary embodiment, the syndrome data generated, provided and/or output by syndrome generation circuitry 52 is provided to address converter circuitry 102 which decodes the syndrome data (SD<0:x>) to indicate the position of the erroneous bit in the ECC data (ECC<0:z>). In this embodiment, the syndrome data includes information which is representative of the address of the erroneous bit in a single error detection and correction ECC technique using Hamming Code. Notably, the address map of the ECC data often does not correspond to the physical location of the bits in memory cell array 10 because, for example, the check bit data (CB<0:x>) may be stored with the actual data bits in memory, for example, memory cell array 10. This tends to alter the logical bit location (indicated by the syndrome data) from the physical bit location (indicated by the redundancy address or the address of the faulty column). As such, address converter circuitry 102 may include a circuit (for example, a look-up table) and/or technique (for example, a logic-physical translation programming technique) to correlate the logical bit location (indicated by the syndrome data) from the physical bit location (indicated by the redundancy address).

With continued reference to FIG. 4A, address converter circuitry 102 generates address data (column redundancy address <0:y>) which corresponds to the defective column—i.e., the column having, for example, one or more defective or inoperative memory cells and/or data sense circuitry 22. The redundant column address data may be employed by other circuitry to replace or substitute column 18 having, for example, one or more defective or inoperative memory cells and/or data sense circuitry, by a spare column 18 r.

The column redundancy address data may be stored in a memory which may be any circuitry, whether now known or later developed, that stores data (here, the redundant column address). For example, the memory may be one or more fuses or anti-fuses, or DRAM, SRAM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM cells, and/or latch or register circuitry (for example, a plurality of latches or registers). Notably, all forms or types of memory, whether now known or later developed, are intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

The address converter circuitry 102 may be, for example, a microprocessor, microcontroller, state machine, discrete logic, and/or programmable gate array (for example, field programmable gate array). The address converter circuitry 102 may include any circuitry and/or implement any technique, whether now known or later developed, which decodes the syndrome data to indicate the position of the erroneous bit.

In one embodiment, system 100 further includes a plurality of redundancy program circuits connected to logic gates which output the corrected output data. For example, with reference to FIG. 4B, in one embodiment, at least one redundancy program circuit 106 is connected in an associated data path and to an associated logic gate 106 which outputs the corrected output data. The redundancy program circuit 106 responsively couples either the output data of the normal column 18 or the output data of the spare column 18 r (via redundant sense circuitry 22 r) to the output drivers (not illustrated).

In one embodiment, redundancy program circuitry 106 includes memory circuit 108 and a selection circuit 110 (for example, a multiplexer). The memory circuit 108 (in response to a program signal) stores or maintains data/information which represents or indicates that a particular column 18 has been replaced or substituted by a spare column 18 r. In one embodiment, memory circuit 108 is a latch which is programmed when address converter circuitry 102 identifies a particular column 18 to be replaced or substituted by a spare column 18 r. In this regard, as mentioned above, in one exemplary embodiment, the syndrome data includes information which is representative of the address of the erroneous bit in a single error detection and correction ECC technique using Hamming Code. The address converter circuitry 102 decodes the syndrome data (SD<0:x>) to indicate the position of the column 18 to be replaced or substituted, via the column redundancy, with a spare column 18 r. In response to detecting the position of the erroneous bit, address converter circuitry 102 provides, programs and/or stores (via the program signal) data/information in memory circuit 108 to represent or indicate that a particular column 18 has been replaced or substituted by a spare column 18 r.

In normal operation, with reference to FIG. 4B, in response to detecting the position of the erroneous bit, address converter circuit 102 provides data/information to one or more logic gates 104 such that any erroneous bit(s) is/are corrected prior to being output by system 100. In one embodiment, logic gates 104 include a plurality of XOR gates. Under these circumstances, address converter circuit 102 provides a logic “high” signal to the XOR gate corresponding to or associated with the erroneous bit position (for example, bit position “y”), such that the output data (D_(out)<y>) gets inverted (and hence corrected) and logic gates 104 output ECC data (ECC<0:z>).

The data/information stored in the memory circuit 108 controls selection circuitry 110. In this regard, where the data/information in memory circuit 108 indicates that a column 18 is replaced or substituted by a spare column 18 r, selection circuitry 110 provides or outputs the spare column data (SC<i>) to an associated logic gate of logic gates 104. As such, in operation, the predetermined spare column is coupled to the output path such that the spare column data (SC<i>) is output to the appropriate data path when the data/information in memory circuit 108 indicates that spare column 18 r corresponds to, or replaces or substitutes for the normal column 18.

Notably, although memory circuits 108 are illustrated as distributed among redundancy program circuit 106, such memory circuitry may be integrated in one or more areas. In this regard, system 100 may employ any circuitry and/or architecture, whether now known or later developed, to store or maintain the data/information which represents or indicates that a particular column 18 has been replaced or substituted by a spare column 18 r. For example, the circuit may be one or more fuses or anti-fuses, or DRAM, SRAM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM cells, and/or latch or register circuitry (for example, a plurality of latches or registers). Notably, all forms or types of memory and architectures, whether now known or later developed, are intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

Further, memory circuits 108 may be one time programmable (for example, programmed during test or at manufacture) or more than one time programmable (for example, during test, start-up/power-up, during an initialization sequence and/or during operation (in situ)). For example, in one embodiment, memory circuits 108 may be programmed, for example, (i) during test, at start-up/power-up and/or during an initialization sequence (and thereafter fixed) or (ii) in situ, at start-up/power-up and/or during an initialization sequence (and thereafter re-programmable).

As noted above, the column redundancy architecture may be programmed using address converter circuitry 102 and the syndrome data generated, provided and/or output by syndrome generation circuitry 52. Here, the address converter circuitry 102 decodes the syndrome data (SD<0:x>) to indicate the position of the erroneous bit in the ECC data (ECC<0:z>). In this embodiment, the syndrome data includes information which is representative of the address of the erroneous bit in a single error detection and correction ECC technique using Hamming Code. Because the logical bit location (indicated by the syndrome data) differs from the physical bit location (indicated by the redundancy address), address converter circuitry 102 may include a circuit (for example, a look-up table) and/or technique (for example, a logic-physical translation programming technique) to correlate the logical bit location (indicated by the syndrome data) from the physical bit location (indicated by the redundancy address). Also mentioned above, address converter circuitry 102 may be, for example, a microprocessor, microcontroller, state machine, discrete logic, and/or programmable gate array (for example, field programmable gate array) and/or any circuitry, whether now known or later developed, to decode the syndrome data to indicate the position of the erroneous bit in the ECC data is intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

The address(es) of the column(s) of memory cells to be “replaced” or “substituted” by the redundant or spare column(s) of memory cells may be provided and/or determined by internal/integrated circuitry (i.e., on-chip) (see, for example, FIGS. 4A and 4B) or external (i.e., off-chip—for example, on a different integrated circuit device which, for example, is disposed or resident on a common printed circuit board). For example, with reference to FIG. 6A, in another embodiment, one or more column redundancy addresses are provided to address converter circuitry 102 to program redundancy program circuits 106 accordingly. In this mode, address converter circuitry 102 may then program redundancy program circuit 106 accordingly. Notably, in those instances where the column redundancy address is a physical address, address converter circuitry 102, in a redundancy programming mode, may not translate the column redundancy address before programming the redundancy program circuits 106. Under these circumstances, address converter circuitry 102 includes circuitry to program redundancy program circuits 106 without converting a logical address to a physical address.

Notably, in a “normal” mode, address converter circuitry 102 handles the ECC cases/situations. In this regard, address converter circuitry 102 converts syndrome vector to the logical bit position.

In operation, during programming of the column redundancy circuitry, multiplexer circuitry 112 may provide the column redundancy address data to address converter 102 which employs that data to program the redundancy program circuits 106. The multiplexer circuitry may be responsive to the program signal or another programming control signal. Notably, during normal operation, multiplexer circuitry 112 provides the ECC data (ECC<0:z>) to logic gates 104.

As mentioned above, during normal operation, in response to detecting the position of the erroneous bit, address converter circuit 102 provides data/information to one or more logic gates 104 such that any erroneous bit(s) is/are corrected prior to being output by system 100. In one embodiment, logic gates 104 include a plurality of XOR gates. Under these circumstances, address converter circuit 102 provides a logic “high” signal to the XOR gate corresponding to or associated with the erroneous bit position (for example, bit position “y”), such that the output data (D_(out)<y>) gets inverted (and hence corrected).

As noted above, the column redundancy address(es) may be provided and/or determined via internal/integrated circuitry (i.e., on-chip) or external (i.e., off-chip—for example, in a separate or different integrated circuit device which, for example, is disposed or resident on a common printed circuit board). Where the circuitry which detects one or more columns of memory cells to be “replaced” or “substituted” by one or more redundant or spare columns is internal/integrated on the same die as the memory cell array and the column redundancy circuitry, the column address data (which correspond to one or more column addresses of memory cells including, for example, one or more defective or inoperative memory cells) may be provided by a controller at, for example, start-up/power-up, during an initialization sequence and/or during operation. With reference to FIG. 6B, in one embodiment, controller circuitry 114 (for example, built-in self-test (BIST) circuitry) may be employed to detect one or more defective or inoperative memory cells and/or data sense circuitry 22 of memory cell array 10. In response to detecting one or more memory cells to be “replaced”, controller circuitry 114 may place system 100 in a programming mode and apply the associated column address or addresses of such memory cells to address converter circuitry 102 which, as mentioned above, programs (or re-programs), maintains and/or stores (via the program signal) data/information in memory circuit 108.

Notably, the programming of the redundancy program circuit (for example, by controller circuitry 114) may be a one-time process, for example, during start-up/power-up and/or during an initialization sequence. The programming may also be in situ, for example, in response to detection of a bit failure or anticipated bit failure by controller circuitry 114, for example, during operation of the memory cell array 10.

The controller circuitry 114 may be any type of circuitry (whether hardwired or programmable) that may detect one or more defective or inoperative memory cells. For example, controller circuitry 114 may be external (non-integrated) circuitry or internal (integrated) circuitry, such as, for example, BIST circuitry. (See, for example, “A 30-ns 64-MB DRAM with Built-in Self-Test and Self-Repair Function”, Tanabe et al., IEEE Journal of Sold-Sate Circuits, Vol. 27, No. 11, November 1992, pp. 1525-1533). Notably, all forms or types of circuitry that are suitable to detect one or more defective or inoperative memory cells, whether now known or later developed, are intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

In certain embodiments, it may be advantageous to employ translation circuitry (for example, a ROM having a suitable look-up table) to “map” or translate an address which may be a non-physical address to a physical address. With reference to FIG. 6C, in one embodiment, a column address is applied to translation circuitry 116 which outputs a physical address to multiplexer circuitry 112. As such, in this embodiment, the translation of a logical address to a physical address is performed by translation circuitry 116 rather than address converter circuitry 102.

Notably, all of the embodiments described and illustrated herein may be employed in conjunction with translation circuitry 116 of FIG. 6C (for example, the embodiment of FIG. 6B). For the sake of brevity, those combinations and permutations will not be discussed in detail.

In another embodiment, data/information stored, maintained and/or programmed in memory circuit 108 is also provided to circuitry in the data input path to control the writing of data into memory cell array 10. For example, with reference to FIGS. 6D and 7, in one embodiment, the data/information which represents or indicates that a particular column 18 has been replaced or substituted by a spare column 18 r (which is maintained in memory circuit 108) is employed to control a plurality of input drivers 118 which are associated with a spare column (here, generally illustrated as spare region of memory cell array 10). The input driver circuits 118 may be tri-state drivers which are enabled by a Spare Active control signal. In operation, the data input path of a spare column 18 r may be activated when memory circuit 108 is programmed (using any of the techniques or embodiments discussed herein). As such, during a write operation, the data directed to the defective column 18 is written into the spare column 18 r. Moreover, during a read operation, data may be read from the predetermined memory cell 10 r in the spare column 18 r. In this way, the defective column 18 is swapped with spare column 18 r.

As mentioned above, the present inventions may be implemented in a logic device having a memory portion and logic portion (see, for example, FIGS. 8A and 8C), or an integrated circuit that is primarily a memory device (see, for example, FIG. 8B). The logic device may be, for example, a processor, controller, field programmable gate array, state machine, and/or a device including same. Indeed, the present inventions may be implemented in any device employing a memory array and redundancy and/or ECC architecture or technique.

Further, as mentioned above, the present inventions may be employed in conjunction with any memory cell technology now known or later developed. For example, the present inventions may be implemented in conjunction with a memory array, having a plurality of memory cells each including an electrically floating body transistor. (See, for example, (1) U.S. Pat. No. 6,969,662, (2) Okhonin et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0131650 (“Bipolar Reading Technique for a Memory Cell Having an Electrically Floating Body Transistor”), (3) Okhonin et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0058427 (“Memory Cell and Memory Cell Array Having an Electrically Floating Body Transistor, and Methods of Operating Same”), (4) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/633,311, Okhonin, filed Dec. 4, 2006 and entitled “Electrically Floating Body Memory Cell and Array, and Method of Operating or Controlling Same”, and (5) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/703,429, Okhonin et al., filed on Feb. 7, 2007 and entitled “Multi-Bit Memory Cell Having Electrically Floating Body Transistor, and Method of Programming and Reading Same”). In this regard, the memory cell may consist of a PD or a FD SOI transistor (or transistor formed on or in bulk material/substrate) having a gate, which is disposed adjacent to the electrically floating body and separated therefrom by a gate dielectric. The body region of the transistor is electrically floating in view of the insulation or non-conductive region (for example, in bulk-type material/substrate) disposed beneath the body region. The state of memory cell is determined by the concentration of charge within the body region of the SOI transistor.

The memory cells of the memory cell array may be comprised of N-channel, P-channel and/or both types of transistors. Indeed, circuitry that is peripheral to the memory array (for example, sense amplifiers or comparators, row and column address decoders, as well as line drivers (not illustrated in detail herein)) may include P-channel and/or N-channel type transistors. Where N-channel type transistors or P-channel type transistors are employed as memory cells 12 in the memory array(s) 10, suitable write and read voltages are well known to those skilled in the art (and in view of the U.S. patents and U.S. patent applications incorporated herein by reference).

Moreover, the present inventions may be implemented in conjunction with any memory cell array configuration and/or arrangement of memory cell array 10. In this regard, integrated circuit device (for example, memory or logic device) may include a plurality of memory cell arrays, each having a plurality of memory cells, wherein certain of the circuitry (for example, address converter circuitry 102) is dedicated to one or more arrays and controller circuitry 114 is shared among the arrays.

In addition, the present inventions may be employed or implemented in conjunction with one or more of the memory cells, memory arrays, and techniques for programming, reading, controlling and/or operating a memory cell and array including, for example, (1) Okhonin et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0131650 (“Bipolar Reading Technique for a Memory Cell Having an Electrically Floating Body Transistor”), (2) Okhonin et al., U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0058427 (“Memory Cell and Memory Cell Array Having an Electrically Floating Body Transistor, and Methods of Operating Same”), (3) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/633,311, Okhonin, filed Dec. 4, 2006 and entitled “Electrically Floating Body Memory Cell and Array, and Method of Operating or Controlling Same”, and (4) U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No. 11/703,429, Okhonin et al., filed on Feb. 7, 2007 and entitled “Multi-Bit Memory Cell Having Electrically Floating Body Transistor, and Method of Programming and Reading Same”. The entire contents of these U.S. patent applications, including, for example, the inventions, features, attributes, architectures, configurations, materials, techniques and advantages described and illustrated therein, are hereby incorporated by reference herein. For the sake of brevity, those discussions will not be repeated; rather those discussions (text and illustrations), including the discussions relating to the memory cell, architecture, layout, structure, are incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In addition, the memory cells may be arranged, configured and/or controlled using any of the memory cell arrays, architectures and/or control/operation techniques. For example, the memory cells may be arranged, configured and/or controlled using any of the memory cell arrays, architectures and/or control/operation techniques described and illustrated in the following U.S. patent applications:

(1) application Ser. No. 10/450,238, which was filed by Fazan et al. on Jun. 10, 2003 and entitled “Semiconductor Device” (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,969,662);

(2) application Ser. No. 10/487,157, which was filed by Fazan et al. on Feb. 18, 2004 and entitled “Semiconductor Device” (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,061,050);

(3) application Ser. No. 10/829,877, which was filed by Ferrant et al. on Apr. 22, 2004 and entitled “Semiconductor Memory Cell, Array, Architecture and Device, and Method of Operating Same” (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,085,153);

(4) application Ser. No. 10/840,009, which was filed by Ferrant et al. on May 6, 2004 and entitled “Semiconductor Memory Device and Method of Operating Same” (U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2004/0228168); and

(5) application Ser. No. 10/941,692, which was filed by Fazan et al. on Sep. 15, 2004 and entitled “Low Power Programming Technique for a One Transistor SOI Memory Device & Asymmetrical Electrically Floating Body Memory Device, and Method of Manufacturing Same” (now U.S. Pat. No. 7,184,298).

The entire contents of these five (5) U.S. patent applications, including, for example, the inventions, features, attributes, architectures, configurations, materials, techniques and advantages described and illustrated therein, are hereby incorporated by reference herein. For the sake of brevity, those discussions will not be repeated; rather those discussions (text and illustrations), including the discussions relating to the memory cell, architecture, layout, structure, are incorporated by reference.

Notably, the present inventions may be fabricated using well known techniques and/or materials. Indeed, any fabrication technique and/or material, whether now known or later developed, may be employed to fabricate the memory cells, transistors and/or memory array(s). For example, the present inventions may employ silicon (whether bulk-type or SOI), germanium, silicon/germanium, gallium arsenide or any other semiconductor material in which transistors may be formed. Indeed, the electrically floating body transistors, memory cells, and/or memory array(s) may employ the techniques described and illustrated in non-provisional patent application entitled “Integrated Circuit Device, and Method of Fabricating Same”, which was filed on Jul. 2, 2004, by Fazan, Ser. No. 10/884,481 (U.S. Patent Application Publication US 2005/0017240) and/or non-provisional patent application entitled “One Transistor Memory Cell having a Strained Electrically Floating Body Region, and Method of Operating Same”, which was filed on Oct. 12, 2006, and assigned Ser. No. 11/580,169, by Bassin (hereinafter collectively “Integrated Circuit Device Patent Applications”). The entire contents of the Integrated Circuit Device Patent Applications, including, for example, the inventions, features, attributes, architectures, configurations, materials, techniques and advantages described and illustrated therein, are hereby incorporated by reference herein.

Further, in one embodiment, an integrated circuit device includes memory section (having a plurality of memory cells, for example, PD or FD SOI memory transistors) and logic section (having, for example, high performance transistors, such as FinFET, multiple gate transistors, and/or non-high performance transistors (for example, single gate transistors that do not possess the performance characteristics of high performance transistors—not illustrated)). Moreover, as noted above, the memory cell and/or memory cell array, as well as the circuitry of the present inventions may be implemented in an integrated circuit device having a memory portion and a logic portion (see, for example, FIG. 8A), or an integrated circuit device that is primarily a memory device (see, for example, FIG. 8B). The memory array may include a plurality of memory cells arranged in a plurality of rows and columns wherein each memory cell includes a transistor (whether fabricated in a bulk-type material or SOI material), for example, an electrically floating body transistor. The memory arrays may be comprised of N-channel, P-channel and/or both types of transistors. Indeed, circuitry that is peripheral to the memory array (for example, data sense circuitry (for example, sense amplifiers or comparators), memory cell selection and control circuitry (for example, word line and/or source line drivers), as well as row and column address decoders) may include P-channel and/or N-channel type transistors.

The present inventions may be employed with other redundancy and/or ECC circuitry. For example, the present inventions may be implemented in conjunction with row redundancy circuitry including, for example, Non-Provisional U.S. patent application entitled “Integrated Circuit Having Memory Array Including Row Redundancy, and Method of Programming, Controlling and/or Operating Same”, which was filed on May 17, 2007, by Singh and assigned application Ser. No. 11/804,098; the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.

There are many inventions described and illustrated herein. While certain embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the inventions have been described and illustrated, it should be understood that many others, as well as different and/or similar embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the present inventions, are apparent from the description and illustrations. As such, the embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the inventions described and illustrated herein are not exhaustive and it should be understood that such other, similar, as well as different, embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the present inventions are within the scope of the present inventions.

There are many inventions described and illustrated herein. While certain embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the inventions have been described and illustrated, it should be understood that many others, as well as different and/or similar embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the present inventions, are apparent from the description and illustrations. As such, the embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the inventions described and illustrated herein are not exhaustive and it should be understood that such other, similar, as well as different, embodiments, features, attributes and advantages of the present inventions are within the scope of the present inventions.

For example, the programming of the redundancy circuitry (for example, by controller circuitry 114) may be a one-time process, for example, during start-up/power-up and/or during an initialization sequence. The programming may also be in situ, for example, in response to detection of a bit failure or anticipated bit failure by controller circuitry 114, for example, during operation of the memory cell array 10.

For example, logic circuitry 104 may be any type of circuitry (whether hardwired or programmed), whether now known or later developed, that performs ECC operations. In one embodiment, a plurality of logic gates (for example, AND or NAND) may be employed.

The above embodiments of the inventions are merely exemplary. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the inventions to the precise forms, techniques, materials and/or configurations disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and operational changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present inventions. As such, the scope of the inventions is not limited solely to the description above because the description of the above embodiments has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description.

Moreover, there are many inventions described and illustrated herein. The present inventions are neither limited to any single aspect nor embodiment thereof, nor to any combinations and/or permutations of such aspects and/or embodiments. Moreover, each of the aspects of the present inventions, and/or embodiments thereof, may be employed alone or in combination with one or more of the other aspects of the present inventions and/or embodiments thereof. (See, for example, FIGS. 10A-10C and 11A-11C). For the sake of brevity, many of those permutations and combinations are not discussed separately herein.

Further, the above embodiments of the present inventions are merely exemplary embodiments. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the inventions to the precise forms, techniques, materials and/or configurations disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and operational changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present inventions. As such, the foregoing description of the exemplary embodiments of the inventions has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the inventions not be limited solely to the description above.

Notably, in certain illustrations, output logic gates 104 are generally illustrated as XOR gate logic. The output logic gates may be any type of circuitry and/or logic, whether now known or later developed; all such circuitry is intended to fall within the scope of the present inventions.

It should be further noted that the term “circuit” may mean, among other things, a single component (for example, electrical/electronic and/or microelectromechanical) or a multiplicity of components (whether in integrated circuit form or otherwise), which are active and/or passive, and which are coupled together to provide or perform a desired function. The term “circuitry” may mean, among other things, a circuit (whether integrated or otherwise), a group of such circuits, one or more processors, one or more state machines, one or more processors implementing software, or a combination of one or more circuits (whether integrated or otherwise), one or more state machines, one or more processors, and/or one or more processors implementing software. The term “data” may mean, among other things, a current or voltage signal(s) whether in an analog or a digital form.

The above embodiments of the inventions are merely exemplary. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the inventions to the precise forms, techniques, materials and/or configurations disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of this disclosure. It is to be understood that other embodiments may be utilized and operational changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present inventions. As such, the scope of the inventions is not limited solely to the description above because the description of the above embodiments has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. 

1. An integrated circuit device comprising: a memory cell array including a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows and columns; multiplexer circuitry, coupled to the memory cell array, wherein the multiplexer circuitry includes a plurality of data multiplexers, each data multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive write data which is representative of data to be written into the memory cells of the memory cell array in response to a write operation, and (ii) a second input to receive read data which is representative of data read from memory cells of the memory cell array, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs; and syndrome generation circuitry, coupled to the multiplexer circuitry, to generate: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data.
 2. The integrated circuit device of claim 1 wherein the syndrome generation circuitry includes a plurality of XOR logic gates.
 3. The integrated circuit device of claim 2 wherein the plurality of XOR logic gates is arranged in a logic tree architecture including first, second and third levels of XOR logic, wherein: the first level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the plurality of data multiplexers; the second level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the first level of XOR logic; and the third level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the second level of XOR logic.
 4. The integrated circuit device of claim 2 wherein the plurality of XOR logic gates is arranged in a logic tree architecture including a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein a Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.
 5. The integrated circuit device of claim 1 wherein: the multiplexer circuitry further includes a plurality of check bit multiplexers, each check bit multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive check bit data, and (ii) a second input to receive a predetermined data, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs; and the syndrome generation circuitry generates: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and the predetermined value, and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data and the check bit data.
 6. The integrated circuit device of claim 5 wherein the syndrome generation circuitry includes a plurality of XOR logic gates.
 7. The integrated circuit device of claim 6 wherein the plurality of XOR logic gates is arranged in a logic tree architecture including first, second and third levels of XOR logic, wherein: the first level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the plurality of data multiplexers; the second level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the first level of XOR logic; and the third level of XOR logic includes inputs to receive the outputs of the second level of XOR logic.
 8. The integrated circuit device of claim 6 wherein the plurality of XOR logic gates is arranged in a logic tree architecture including a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein a Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.
 9. The integrated circuit device of claim 1 wherein the write data syndrome vector is stored in memory as check bit data.
 10. The integrated circuit device of claim 1 further including address converter circuitry, coupled to the syndrome generation circuitry, to generate defective column address data, which is representative of a physical bit location of a defective column, using the read data syndrome vector.
 11. The integrated circuit device of claim 10 further including a memory, coupled to the address converter circuitry, to store the defective column address data.
 12. The integrated circuit device of claim 11 wherein the memory permanently stores the defective column address data.
 13. An integrated circuit device comprising: a memory cell array having a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows and columns including (i) a plurality of normal columns which is selectable via normal column address data and (ii) a redundant column which is selectable via a redundant column address data; multiplexer circuitry, coupled to the memory cell array, wherein the multiplexer circuitry includes a plurality of data multiplexers, each data multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive write data which is representative of data to be written into the memory cells of the memory cell array in response to a write operation, and (ii) a second input to receive read data which is representative of data read from memory cells of the memory cell array, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs; syndrome generation circuitry, coupled to the multiplexer circuitry, to generate: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data; address converter circuitry, coupled to the syndrome generation circuitry, to generate defective column address data, which is representative of a physical bit location of a defective column, using the read data syndrome vector; and a plurality of redundancy program circuits that are coupled to the memory array to receive the read data and spare column data, which is representative of data read from memory cells associated with the redundant column of the memory cell array, wherein each redundancy program circuit outputs (i) read data which is associated with one of a normal column or (ii) the spare column data, and wherein when one of a normal column address data corresponds to the defective column address data, the redundancy program circuit associated therewith outputs the defective column address data.
 14. The integrated circuit device of claim 13 wherein each redundancy program circuit includes: a multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive read data which is associated with one of a normal column, and (ii) a second input to receive the spare column data, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs; and a memory, coupled to an associated multiplexer, to store spare column control data which controls the associated multiplexer.
 15. The integrated circuit device of claim 14 wherein the memory of each redundancy program circuit is coupled to the address converter circuitry and, in response to a program signal, the memory of the redundancy program circuit which is associated with the normal column that corresponds to the defective column address data stores the spare column control data.
 16. The integrated circuit device of claim 14 wherein the memory, in response to a program signal, stores the spare column control data.
 17. The integrated circuit device of claim 13 further including a plurality of logic gates having a first input to receive an output of an associated redundancy program circuit and a second input to receive correction data wherein when the read data includes one or more errors therein, the one or more logic gates which receives read data having an error corrects the read data using the correction data.
 18. The integrated circuit device of claim 17 wherein each logic gate of the plurality of logic gates includes an XOR logic gate.
 19. The integrated circuit device of claim 13 wherein the syndrome generation circuitry includes a plurality of XOR logic gates which is arranged in a logic tree architecture including a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein a Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.
 20. The integrated circuit device of claim 13 wherein: the multiplexer circuitry further includes a plurality of check bit multiplexers, each check bit multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive check bit data, and (ii) a second input to receive a predetermined data, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs; and the syndrome generation circuitry generates: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and the predetermined value, and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data and the check bit data.
 21. The integrated circuit device of claim 20 wherein the syndrome generation circuitry includes a plurality of XOR logic gates which is arranged in a logic tree architecture including a plurality of levels of XOR logic levels, wherein a Nth level of XOR logic includes (i) inputs to receive the outputs of a preceding level of XOR logic gates and data from at least one redundant or spare column and (ii) an output that is the read data syndrome vector.
 22. The integrated circuit device of claim 13 wherein the write data syndrome vector is stored in memory as check bit data.
 23. The integrated circuit device of claim 13 further including a defective column address memory, coupled to the address converter circuitry, to store the defective column address data.
 24. The integrated circuit device of claim 23 wherein the memory permanently stores the defective column address data.
 25. An integrated circuit device comprising: a memory cell array having a plurality of memory cells arranged in a matrix of rows and columns including (i) a plurality of normal columns which is selectable via normal column address data and (ii) a redundant column which is selectable via a redundant column address data; multiplexer circuitry, coupled to the memory cell array, wherein the multiplexer circuitry includes a plurality of data multiplexers, each data multiplexer having a plurality of inputs, including (i) a first input to receive write data which is representative of data to be written into the memory cells of the memory cell array in response to a write operation, and (ii) a second input to receive read data which is representative of data read from memory cells of the memory cell array, and an associated output to responsively output data from one of the plurality of inputs; syndrome generation means for generating: (i) a write data syndrome vector using the write data and (ii) a read data syndrome vector using the read data; address converter means for generating defective column address data, which is representative of a physical bit location of a defective column, using the read data syndrome vector; and redundancy program means for outputting (i) read data which is associated with one of a normal column or (ii) the spare column data which is representative of data read from memory cells associated with the redundant column of the memory cell array.
 26. The integrated circuit device of claim 25 wherein the redundancy program means includes: multiplexer means for responsively outputting data from one of the (i) read data which is associated with one of a normal column and (ii) the spare column data; and memory means for storing spare column control data which controls the multiplexer means.
 27. The integrated circuit device of claim 26 wherein the memory means responsively stores information which is representative of the defective column address data.
 28. The integrated circuit device of claim 25 wherein the write data syndrome vector is stored in memory means as check bit data.
 29. The integrated circuit device of claim 25 wherein the write data syndrome vector is stored in memory cells in the memory cell array. 